Sea-ice ecology in the Baltic Sea with special emphasis on bacteria

2005: Responses of Baltic sea-ice and open-water natural bacterial communities to salinity change. – Appl. Experimental evidence on nutrient and substrate limitation of Baltic Sea sea-ice algae and bacteria. – Hydrobiologia (in press). composition and activity of organism assemblages along a salinity gradient in sea-ice subjected to river discharge in the Baltic Sea. (manuscript). Research articles included in this thesis are reproduced by the kind permission of Inter-Research (I), Springer Science and Business Media (II, IV) and American Society for Microbiology (III). Exeundum deinde est, ut extera Europae dicantur, transgressisque Ripaeos montes litus oceani sep-tentrionalis in laeva, donec perveniatur Gadis, legendum. insulae complures sine nominibus eo situ traduntur, ex quibus ante Scythiam quae appellatur Baunonia unam abesse diei cursu, in quam veris tempore fl uctibus electrum eiciatur, Timaeus prodidit. reliqua litora incerta. signata fama septentrionalis oceani. Amalchium eum Hecataeus appellat a Parapaniso amne, qua Scythiam adluit, quod nomen eius gentis lingua signifi cat congelatum. Philemon Morimarusam a Cimbris vocari, hoc est mortuum mare, inde usque ad promunturium Rusbeas, ultra deinde Cronium. Xenophon Lampsacenus a litore Scytharum tridui navigatione insulam esse inmensae magnitudinis Balciam tradit, eandem Pytheas Basiliam nominat. ——————— We must now leave the Euxine to describe the outer portions of Europe. After passing the Riphaean mountains we have now to follow the shores of the Northern Ocean on the left, until we arrive at Gades. In this direction a great number of islands are said to exist that have no name; among which there is one which lies opposite to Scythia, mentioned under the name of Raunonia, and said to be at a distance of the day's sail from the mainland; and upon which, according to Timaeus, amber is thrown up by the waves in the spring season. As to the remaining parts of these shores, they are only known from reports of doubtful authority. With reference to the Septentrional or Northern Ocean; Hecataeus calls it, after we have passed the mouth of the river Parapanisus, where it washes the Scythian shores, the Amalchian sea, the word 'Amalchian' signifying in the language of these races, frozen. Philemon again says that it is called Morimarusa or the " Dead Sea " by the Cimbri, as far as the Promontory of Rubeas, beyond which it has the name of the Cronian Sea. Xenophon of Lampsacus tells us that at a distance of three days' sail from the shores of Scythia, there …